SUN, MOON, STARS

The solar year calendar is used by most of the world to determine days, weeks, months and years.  “B.C.” (Before Christ) and “A.D. (Anno Domini, Latin for “year of our Lord”)” are used to refer to the years on both the Julian and Gregorian calendar and of the two the Gregorian calendar is most widely used in the world today.

However, the Jewish calendar does not use the words “A.D.” and “B.C.” but rather, C.E. (Common or Christian Era) and B.C.E. (Before the Common Era).

The Jewish calendar is based on three astronomical phenomena: 1) the rotation of the earth about it axis (a day); 2) the revolution of the moon about the earth (a month); 3) and the revolution of the earth about the sun (a year).  These three phenomena are independent of each other; however, the Jewish calendar coordinates all three of these astronomical phenomena.

The Hebrew feasts of Passover, Unleavened Bread, Weeks, Trumpets, Day of Atonement, and Tabernacles were based on moon cycles instead of sun cycles, and the years are numbered from Creation.

As we study what the Scripture has to say about the “Sun, Moon and Stars”, we should note that this subject is often viewed in the extreme of either “worshipping” the heavenly bodies or “ignoring them as irrelevant” rather than understanding their purpose as taught in the Bible.

SUN

Old Testament

Hebrew:     sun    or light

                             chammah heat

                             cheres itch, burning, heat

                             shemesh a ministrant, the sun

1.     Genesis 15:12 “And when the sun (shemesh) was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him.”

2.     Genesis 15:17 “And it came to pass, that, when the sun (shemesh) went down, and it was dark, behold a smoking furnace, and a burning lamp that passed between those pieces.”

3.     Genesis 19:23 “The sun (shemesh) was risen upon the earth when Lot entered into Zoar.”

4.     Genesis 28:11 “And he (Jacob) lighted upon a certain place, and tarried there all night, because the sun (shemesh)was set; and he took of the stones of that place, and put them for his pillows, and lay down in that place to sleep.”

5.     Genesis 32:31 “And as he (Jacob) passed over Penuel the sun (shemesh) rose upon him, and he halted upon his thigh.”

6.     Genesis 37:9 “And he (Joseph) dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun (shemesh) and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me.”

7.     Exodus 16:21 “And they gathered it every morning, every man according to his eating: and when the sun (shemesh), waxed hot, it melted.”

8.     Exodus 17:12 “But Moses’ hands were heavy; and they took a stone, and put it under him, and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his hands were steady until the going down of the sun (shemesh).”

9.     Leviticus 22:7 “And when the sun (shemesh) is down, he shall be clean, and shall afterward eat of the holy things; because it is his food.”

10.                          Numbers 25:4 “And the Lord said unto Moses, Take all the heads of the people, and hang them up before the Lord against the sun (shemesh), that the fierce anger of the Lord may be turned away from Israel.”

11.                          Deuteronomy 4:19 “And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun (shemesh), and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the Lord thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven.”

12.                          Joshua 10:12-14 “Then spake Joshua to the Lord in the day when the Lord delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun (shemesh), stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon.  And the sun stood still, and moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies.  Is not this written in the book (siphrah = writing, document, evidence) of Jasher (yashar = straight, just, upright)?  So the sun (shemesh) stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.  And there was no day like that before it or after it that the Lord hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the Lord fought for Israel.”

13.                          Judges 5:31 “So let all thine enemies perish, O Lord: but let them that love him be as the sun (shemesh) when he goeth forth in his might.  And the land had rest forty years.”

14.                          Judges 8:13 “And Gideon the son of Joash returned from battle before the sun (cheres) was up,”

15.                          Judges 14:18 “And the men of the city said unto him (Samson) on the seventh day before the sun (cheres) went down, What is sweeter than honey?  And what is stronger than a lion?  And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.”

16.                          I Samuel 11:9 “And they said unto the messengers that came, Thus shall ye say unto the men of Jabeshgilead, tomorrow, by that time the sun (shemesh) be hot, ye shall have help.  And the messengers came and shewed it to the men of Jabesh; and they were glad.”

17.                          II Samuel 23:4 “(David): And he (Lord) shall be as the light of the morning, when the sun (shemesh) riseth, even a morning without clouds; as the tender grass springing out of the earth by clear shining after rain.”

18.                          I Kings 22:36 “And there went a proclamation throughout the host about the going down of the sun (shemesh), saying, Every man to his city, and every man to his own country.”

19.                          II Kings 23:5 “And he (Hilkiah the high priest) put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun (shemesh), and to the moon, and to the planets (muzzalaloth = constellations), and to all the host (tsaba = host, warfare) of heaven.”

20.                          II Chronicles 18:34 “And the battle increased that day: howbeit the king of Israel stayed himself up in his chariot against the Syrians until the even: and about the time of the sun (shemesh) going down he died.”

21.                          Nehemiah 7:3 “And I said unto them, Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun (shemesh) be hot; and while they stand by, let them shut the doors, and bar them: and appoint watches of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, everyone in his watch, and every one to be over against his house.”

22.                          Job 8:16 “He is green before the sun (shemesh), and his branch shooteth forth in his garden.”

23.                          Job 9:7 “Which commandeth the sun (cheres), and it riseth not; and sealeth up the stars.”

24.                          Job 30:28 “I went mourning without the sun (chammah): I stood up, and I cried in the congregation.”

25.                          Job 31:26 “If I beheld the sun (or) when it shined, or the moon walking in brightness;”

26.                          Job 38:31-33 “Canst thou bind (qashar = tie, confine, bind, join together, knit) the sweet influences of Pleiades (kiymah = to store away, a jewel, gold beads, cluster of stars, that is Pleiades, seven stars), or loose the band of Orion (keseel = burly one, fat, constellation, specifically Orion)?  Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth (mazzarah = distinction, some noted constellation, collectively the zodiac, Zodiacal sign, planet) in his season?  Or canst thou guide Arcturus (ayish ash = the constellation of the Great Bear, from its migration through the heavens) with his sons (banah = to build, begin to build, as a builder of the family name, relationship, obtain children,)?  Knowest thou the ordinances (chuqqah = appointed, an appointment, decree, law, custom, manner, statute, ordinance) of heaven (shamayim shameh = to be lofty, sky, aloft, visible arch in which the clouds move, where the celestial bodies revolve, astrologer)?  Canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth?”

27.                          Psalms 19:1-4 “The heavens (shamayim shameh = heavens, to be lofty, sky as aloft, duel alluding to visible arch in which the clouds move and to the higher ether where celestial bodies revolve) declare the glory (kabod kabod = weight, splendor, glorious, honor; kabad kabed = to be heavy, numerous, rich, honorable, abounding with, ) of God; and the firmament (raqiya = firmament, expanse, visible arch of the sky; raqa = to expand, overlay, spread abroad, stretch ) sheweth (nagad = manifest, to announce, expose, explain, declare, report, praise) his handy work (maaseh = action, transaction, activity, product, labor, deed; asah = to do or make, accomplish, bring forth, bring to pass).   Day unto day (yom = day, be hot, warm hours, sunrise to sunset) uttereth (naba to gush forth, flowing, pouring out, utter abundantly) speech (omer = promise, word, saying, promise, abundant speech), and night unto night (layil leyl layelah = away of the light, night, to fold back) sheweth  (chavah = declare, show, living) knowledge (daath = to know, to ascertain by seeing, observation, discern, discover).  There is no speech (omer = word, promise, something said, report, utter) nor language (dabar = to arrange words, speak, commune, declare, talk), where their voice (qol qol = to call aloud, cry, yell) is not heard (shama to hear intelligently, attention, obedience, give ear, to hear, listen, obedient, proclaim, understand).  Their line (qav qav = a cord, especially for measuring, bind together) is gone out (yatsa = to go, break out, break out, go abroad, spread) through all (kol, kol = the whole, every place, altogether, complete) the earth (erets = to be firm, the earth, land, world) and their words (millah milleh = word collectively, a discourse, speaking, saying, utterance, talking) to the end (qatseh qetseh = an extremity, brink, edge frontier, utter most) of the world (tebel = the earth, globe, inhabitants, land).  In them hath he set (sum siym = put, appoint) a tabernacle (ohel = a tent, covering, dwelling place, home) for the sun (shemesh), which is as a bridegroom (chathan = husband, to give a daughter in marriage) relative by marriage especially through the bride) coming out of his chamber (min minny minnay = a canopy, chamber, closet), and rejoiceth (sus siys = cheerful, joy, mirth) as a strong man (gibbor gibbor = powerful, warrior, champion, mighty valiant) to run (ruts = footman, bring hastily, stretch out) a race (orach = travel, well-trodden road, path, highway ).”

28.                          Psalms 50:1 “The mighty God, even the Lord, hath spoken, and called the earth from the rising of the sun (shemesh) unto the going down thereof.”

29.                          Psalms 72:5 “They shall fear thee as long as the sun (shemesh) and the moon endure, throughout all generations.”

30.                          Psalms 72:17 “His name shall endure forever: his name shall be continued as long as the sun (shemesh): and men shall be blessed in him: all nations shall call him blessed.”

31.                          Psalms 74:16 “The day is thine, the night also is thine: thou hast prepared the light and the sun (shemesh).”

32.                          Psalm 84:11 “For the Lord God is a sun (shemesh) and shield: the Lord will give grace and glory: no good thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly.”

33.                          Psalms 89:36 “His seed shall endure forever, and his throne as the sun (shemesh) before me.”

34.                          Psalms 104:19 “He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun (shemesh) knoweth his going down.”

35.                          Psalms 113:3 “From the rising of the sun (shemesh) unto the going down of the same the Lord’s name is to be praised.”

36.                          Psalms 121:6 “The sun (shemesh) shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon by night.”

37.                          Psalms 136:8-9 “The sun (shemesh) to rule by day: for his mercy endureth forever: The moon and stars to rule by night: for his mercy endureth forever.”

38.                          Psalms 148:3 “Praise ye him, sun (shemesh) and moon: praise him, all ye stars of light.”

39.                          Ecclesiastes 8:15 “Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun (shemesh), than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labor the days of his life, which God giveth him under the sun (shemesh).

40.                          Ecclesiastes 12:1-2 “Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them; While the sun (shemesh), or the light, or the moon, or the stars, be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain:”

41.                          Song of Solomon 6:10 “Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun (chammah), and terrible as an army with banners?”

42.                          Isaiah 13:10-13 “For the stars of heaven and the constellations (kasal = to be fat, silly, stupid, foolish; any notable constellation, specifically Orion, burly one) thereof shall not give their light: the sun (shemesh) shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.  And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogance of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.  I will make a man more precious than fine gold; even a man than the golden wedge of Ophir (ophir = a golden region in the East).  Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of her place, in the wrath of the Lord of hosts, and in the day of his fierce anger.”

43.                          Isaiah 24:17-23 (Larger Prophetic Passage 24:1-23) “Fear, and the pit, and the snare, are upon thee, O inhabitant of the earth.  And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations of the earth do shake.  The earth is utterly broken down, the earth is clean dissolved, the earth is moved exceedingly.  The earth shall reel to and from like a drunkard, and shall be removed like a cottage; and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it; and it shall fall, and not rise again.  And it shall come to pass in that, that the Lord shall punish the host of the high ones that are on high, and the kings of the earth upon the earth.  And they shall be gathered together, as prisoners are gathered in the pit, and shall be shut up in the prison, and after many days shall they be visited. Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun (chammah) ashamed, when the Lord of hosts shall reign in Mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients gloriously.”

44.                          Isaiah 30:26 “Moreover the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun (chammah), and the light of the sun (chammah) shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven days, in the day that the Lord bindeth up the breach of his people, and healeth the stroke of their wound.”

45.                          Isaiah 38:7-8 “And this shall be a sign unto thee from the Lord, that the Lord will do this thing that he hath spoken; Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun (shemesh) dial of Ahaz (achaz = name of a Jewish king), ten degrees backward.  So the sun (shemesh) returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.”

46.                          Isaiah 48:8-13 “Thus saith the Lord, In an acceptable time have I heard thee, and in a day of salvation have I helped thee: and I will preserve thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, to establish the earth, to cause to inherit the desolate heritages; That thou mayest say to the prisoners, Go forth; to them that are in darkness, Shew yourselves.  They shall feed in the ways, and their pastures shall be in all high places.  They shall not hunger nor thirst; neither shall the heat nor sun (shemesh) smite them: for he that hath mercy on them shall lead them, even by the springs of water shall he guide them.  And I will make all my mountains a way, and highways shall be exalted.  Behold, these shall come far: and, lo, these from the north and from the west; and these from the land of Sinim (siyniym = a distant Oriental region; China).  Sing, O heavens; and be joyful, O earth; and break forth into singing, O mountains: for the Lord hath comforted his people, and will have mercy upon his afflicted.”

47.                          Isaiah 59:19-21 “So shall they fear the name of the Lord from the west, and his glory from the rising of the sun (shemesh).  When the enemy shall come in like a flood, the Spirit of the Lord shall lift up a standard against him.  And the Redeemer (gaal = to redeem, to be next of kin, deliverer, purchase, ransom) shall come to Zion, and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, saith the Lord.  As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the Lord; My Spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed’s seed, saith the Lord, from henceforth and forever.”

48.                          Isaiah 60:15-22 “Whereas thou hast been forsaken and hated, so that no man went through thee, I will make thee an eternal excellency, a joy of many generations.  Thou shalt also suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shalt suck the breast of kings: and thou shalt know that I the Lord am thy Savior and they redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob.  For brass I will bring gold, and for iron I will bring silver, and for wood brass, and for stones iron: I will also make thy officers peace, and thine exactors righteousness.  Violence shall no more be heard in thy land, wasting nor destruction within thy borders; but thou shalt call thy walls Salvation, and thy gates Praise.  The sun (shemesh) shall be no more thy light by day; neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee: but the Lord shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory.  Thy sun (shemesh) shall no more go down; neither shall thy moon withdraw itself: for the Lord shall be thine everlasting light, and the days of thy mourning shall be ended.  Thy people also shall be all righteous: they shall inherit the land forever, the branch of my planting, the work of my hands, that I may be glorified.  A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation: I the Lord will hasten it in his time.”

49.                          Jeremiah 31:31-40 “Thus saith the Lord, which giveth the sun (shemesh) for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The Lord of hosts is his name: If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the Lord, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me forever.  Thus saith the Lord; If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the Lord.  Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that the city shall be built to the Lord from the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the corner.  And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon the hill Gareb, and shall compass about to Goath.  And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields unto the brook of Kidron, unto the corner of the horse gate toward the east, shall be holy unto the Lord; it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more forever.”

50.                          Ezekiel 8:16-18 “And he brought me into the inner court of the Lord’s house, and, behold, at the door of the temple of the Lord, between the porch and the altar, were about five and twenty men, with their backs toward the temple of the Lord, and their faces toward the east; and they worshipped the sun (shemesh) toward the east.  Then he said unto me, Hast thou seen this, O son of man?  Is it a light thing to the house of Judah that they commit the abominations which they commit here?  For they have filled the land with violence, and have returned to provoke me to anger: and, lo, they put the branch to their nose.  Therefore will I also deal in fury: mine eye shall not spare, neither will I have pity: and though they cry in mine ears with a loud voice, yet will I not hear them.”

51.                          Ezekiel 32: 7-8 “And when I shall put thee out, I will cover the heaven, and make the stars thereof dark; I will cover the sun (shemesh) with a cloud, and the moon shall not give her light.  All the bright lights of heaven will I make dark over thee, and set darkness upon thy land, saith the Lord God.  I will also vex the hearts of many people, when I shall bring thy destruction among the nations, into the countries which thou hast not known.  Yea, I will make many people amazed at thee, and their kings shall be horribly afraid for thee, when I shall brandish my sword before them; and they shall tremble at every moment, every man for his own life, in the day of thy fall.”

52.                          Joel 2:10-11 (Larger Prophetic Passage 2:1-32) “The earth shall quake before them; the heavens shall tremble: the sun (shemesh) and the moon shall be dark, and the stars shall withdraw their shinning.  And the Lord shall utter his voice before his army: for his camp is very great: for he is strong that executeth his word: for the day of the Lord is great and very terrible; and who can abide it?”

53.                          Joel 2:25-27 (Expanding on the Larger Passage)“And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the cankerworm, and the caterpillar, and the palmerworm, my great army which I sent among you.  And ye shall eat in plenty, and be satisfied, and praise the name of the Lord your God, that hath dealt wondrously with you: and my people shall never be ashamed.  And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am the Lord your God, and none else: and my people shall never be ashamed.

54.                          Joel 2:28-29 (Expanding on the Larger Passage) “And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions: and also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit.”

55.                          Joel 2:30-32 (Expanding on the Larger Passage) “And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, as the Lord hath said, and in the remnant whom the Lord shall call.”

56.                          Joel 3:9-15 (Larger Prophetic Passage 3:1-21) “Proclaim ye this among the Gentiles; Prepare war, wake up the mighty men, let all the men of war draw near; let them come up: Beat your plowshares into swords, and your pruning hooks into spears: let the weak say, I am strong.  Assemble yourselves, and come, all ye heathen, and gather yourselves together round about: thither cause thy mighty ones to come down, O Lord.  Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heather round about.  Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe: come, get you down; for the press is full, the fats overflow; for their wickedness is great.  Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision.  The sun (shemesh) and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw their shining. 

57.                          Joel 3:16-21 (Expanding on Larger Passage) “The Lord also shall roar out of Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth shall shake: but the Lord will be the hope of his people, and the strength of the children of Israel.  So shall ye know that I am Lord your God dwelling in Zion, my holy mountain: then shall Jerusalem be holy, and there shall no strangers pass through her any more.  And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the rivers of Judah shall flow with waters, and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the Lord, and shall water the valley of Shittim.  Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.  But Judah shall dwell forever, and Jerusalem from generation to generation.  For I will cleanse their blood that I have not cleanses: for the Lord dwelleth in Zion.”

58.                          Amos 5:8 “(Seek him) that maketh the seven stars (kiymah = a jewel, cluster of stars, the Pleiades, seven stars) and Orion (kesiyl = any notable constellation, specifically Orion, as if a burly one, fat, foolish), and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark (chashak = to be dark, withholding light, to darken, be black, cause darkness) with night (layil leyl layelah = night, night season, as twist away of the light, fold back): that calleth (qara = accosting, to call out to, properly address by name, proclaim, encounter) for the waters (mayim = water) of the sea (yam = roar, sea, noisy surf, large body of water), and poureth (shaphak = to spill forth, gush out, pour out) them out upon the face (above, over, upon) of the earth: the Lord is his name:”

59.                          Amos 8:9-14 “And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord God, that I will cause the sun (shemesh) to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day: And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning of an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day.  Behold, the days come, saith the Lord God, that will send a famine in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of bearing the words of the Lord: And they shall wander from sea to sea, and from the north even to the east, they shall run to and fro to seek the word of the Lord, and shall not find it.  In that day shall the fair virgins and young men faint for thirst.  They that swear by the sin of Samaria, and say, Thy God, O Dan, liveth; and, The manner of Beersheba liveth; even they shall fall, and never rise up again.”

60.                          Amos 9:11-15 “In that day will I raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen, and close up the breaches thereof; and I will raise up his ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old: That they may possess the remnant of Edom, and all the heaven, which are called by my name, saith the Lord that doeth this.  Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt.  And I will bring again the captivity of my people of Israel, and they shall build the waste cities, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof; they shall also make gardens, and eat the fruit of them.  And I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be pulled upon out of their land which I have given them, saith the Lord thy God.”

61.                          Jonah 4:8-11 “And it came to pass, when the sun (shemesh) did arise, that God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun (shemesh) beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wished in himself to die, and said, It is better for me to die than to live.  And God said to Jonah, Doest though well to be angry for the gourd?  And he said, I do well to be angry, even unto death.  Then said the Lord, Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for the which thou hast not labored, neither madest it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night: And should not I spare Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than six score thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much cattle.”

62.                          Micah 3:6-12 “Therefore night shall be unto you, that ye shall not have a vision; and it shall be dark unto you, that ye shall not divine; and the sun (shemesh) shall go down over the prophets, and the day shall be dark over them.  Then shall the seers be ashamed, and the diviners confounded: yea, they shall all cover their lips; for there is no answer of God.  But truly I am full of power by the Spirit of the Lord, and of judgment, and of might, to declare unto Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin.  Hear this, I pray you, ye heads of the house of Jacob, and princes of the house of Israel, that abhor judgment, and pervert all equity.  They build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity.  The heads thereof judge for reward, and the priest thereof teach for hire, and the prophets thereof divine for money: yet will they lean upon the Lord, and say, Is not the Lord among us?  None evil can come upon us.  Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of the forests.”

63.                          Micah 4:1-7 “But in the last days it shall come to pass, that the mountain of the house of the Lord shall be established in the top of the mountains, and it shall be exalted above the hills; and people shall flow unto it.  And many nations shall come, and say, Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, and to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for the law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.  And he shall judge among many people, and rebuke strong nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: nation shall not lift up a sword against nation; neither shall they learn war any more.  But they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree; and none shall make them afraid: for the mouth of the Lord of hosts hath spoken it.  For all people will walk everyone in the name of his god, and will walk in the name of the Lord our God forever and ever.  In that day saith the Lord, will I assemble her that halteth and I will gather her that is driven out, and her that I have afflicted; And I will make her that halted a remnant, and her that was cast far off a strong nation: and the Lord shall reign over them in mount Zion from henceforth, ever forever.”

64.                          Nahum 3:16-17 “Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven: the cankerworm spoileth, and fleeth away.  Thy crowned are as the locusts, and thy captains as the great grasshoppers, which camp in the hedges in the cold day, but when the sun (shemesh) ariseth they flee away, and their place is not known where they are.”

65.                          Malachi 1:1 “For from the rising of the sun (shemesh) even unto the going down of the same my name shall be great among the Gentiles; and in very place incense shall be offered unto my name, and a pure offering: for my name shall be great among the heathen, saith the Lord of  hosts.”

66.                          Malachi 4:1-6 “For, behold, the day cometh, that shall burn as an oven; and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the Lord of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch.  But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun (shemesh) of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.  And ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I shall do this saith the Lord of hosts.  Remember ye the Law of Moses my servant which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel, with the statues and judgments.  Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord: And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse.”

New Testament

Greek:       

Sun   helios sun, solar light

1.     Matthew 5:45 “That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun (helios) to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.”

2.     Matthew 13:6 “And when the sun (helios) was up, they were scorched; and because they had no root, they withered away.”

3.     Matthew 13:43 “Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun (helios) in the kingdom of their Father.  Who hath ears to hear, let him hear.”

4.     Matthew 17:2 “And (Jesus) was transfigured before them: and his face did shine as the sun (helios), and his raiment was white as the light.”

5.     Matthew 24:3 “And as he sat upon the Mount of Olives, the disciples came unto him privately, saying, Tell us, when shall these things be?  And what shall be the sign (semeion = sign, indication, miracle, wonder) of thy coming, and of the end (sunteleia = end, entire compilation, consummation) of the world?”

6.     Matthew 24:29 (Larger Prophetic Passage 24:1-51)“Immediately (eutheos = directly, forthwith, immediately shortly, straightway, as soon as) after (meta = accompaniment, succession, occupying an intermediate position between, proximity, sequence) the tribulation (thlipsis = tribulation, pressure, afflicted, anguish, burdened, persecution, trouble) of those days shall the sun (helios) be darkened (skotizo = obscure, shadiness), and the moon shall not give her light (pheggos = brilliancy), and the stars shall fall (pipto peto = fail, fall down) from heaven (ouranos = elevation, by extension heaven, as the abode of God, air, sky), and the powers (dunamis = miraculous power, miracle, mighty, strength) of the heavens (ouranos = elevation, by extension heaven, as the abode of God, air, sky) shall be shaken (saleuo = agitate, rock, topple, destroy, move, vibration, stir up):”

7.     Mark 13:24-25 “But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun (helios) shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars of heaven shall fall, and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken.”

8.     Luke 21:25 “And there shall be signs (semeion indication, supernatural, miracle, wonder) in the sun (helios), and in the moon, and in the stars; and upon the earth distress (sunoche anguish, anxiety, distress) of nations (ethnos = race, tribe, pagan, Gentile, heathen, people), with perplexity (aporia = state of quandary, perplexity; aporeo = to have no way out, be at a loss mentally, stand doubt, be perplexed); the sea (thalassa = sea) and the waves (salos = billows, waves) roaring (echeo = to make a loud noise, reverberate, roar, sound);”

9.     Luke 23:45 “And the sun (helios) was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.”

10.                          Acts 2:19-21 “And I will shew wonders in heaven above, and signs in the earth beneath; blood, and fire, and vapor of smoke: The sun (helios) shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before that great and notable day of the Lord come: And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved.”

11.                          Acts 13:11 “And now, behold, the hand of the Lord is upon thee, and thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun (helios) for a season.  And immediately there fell on him a mist and a darkness; and he went about seeking some to lead him by the hand.”

12.                          Acts 26:13 “At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightness of the sun (helios), shining round about me and them which journeyed with me.”

13.                          Acts 27:20 “And when neither sun (helios) nor stars in many days appeared, and no small tempest lay on us, all hope that we should be saved was then taken away.”

14.                          I Corinthians 15:41 “There is one glory of the sun (helios), and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differeth from another star in glory.”

15.                          Ephesians 4:26 “Be ye angry, and sin not: let not the sun (helios) go down upon your wrath:”

16.                          James 1:11 “For the sun (helios) is no sooner risen with a burning heat, but it withereth the grass, and the flower thereof falleth, and the grace of the fashion of it perisheth: so also shall the rich man fade away in his ways.”

17.                          Revelation 1:16 “And he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth went a sharp two edged sword: and his countenance was as the sun (helios) shineth in his strength.”

18.                          Revelation 6:12-14  (Larger Prophetic Passage 6:12-17) “And beheld when he had opened the sixth seal, and, lo, there was a great (megas = exceedingly great, large, loud, mighty, strong) earthquake (seismos = commotion, earthquake, to rock, vibrate, to and fro, agitate, tremble, tremor, shake); and the sun (helios) became black (melas = black) as sackcloth (sakkos = mohair, mesh,course loose cloth, sacking) of hair (trichinos = hairy, mohair, made of hair), and the moon became as blood (aima = blood); And the stars of heaven (ouranos = sky, heaven, air) fell (pipto peto = alighting, to fall, fall down, fail) unto the earth (ge = soil,, whole of the terrene globe, world, ground), even as a fig tree (suke = fig tree) casteth (seio = to rock, to and fro, agitate, tremble, move, quake, shake) her untimely figs (olunthos = unripe, out of season, figs), when she is shaken (seio = to rock, vibrate, to and fro, agitate, tremble, tremor) of a mighty wind (megas = exceedingly, great, loud, strong).  And the heaven (ouranos = sky, heaven, air) departed (apochorizo = rend apart, separate, depart asunder) as a scroll (biblion = sheet or scroll of writing, book, writing, inner bark of the papyrus plant, sheet) when it is rolled together (heilisso = to coil or wrap, roll together); and every mountain (oros = to rise, rear, lifting itself above the plain, a mountain, hill, mount) and island (nesos = an island, isle) were moved (kineo = to stir, move) out of (ek ex = denoting origin, the point whence motion or action proceeds, from out) their places (topos = a spot, occupancy, location, position, territory, land).”

19.                          Revelation 7:16 “They shall hunger no more, neither thirst anymore; neither shall the sun (helios) light on them, nor any heat.”

20.                          Revelation 8:12 “And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun (helios) was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.”

21.                          Revelation 9:2 “And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun (helios) and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.”

22.                          Revelation 10:1 “And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun (helios), and his feet as pillars of fire:”

23.                          Revelation 12:1-4 (Larger Prophetic Passage 12:1-17) “And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with the sun (helios), and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars (dodeka = dozen, two and ten): And she being with child cried, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered.  And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.  And his tail drew the third part (tritos = third, third part) of the stars of heaven, and did cast (ballo = to throw, violent, trust) them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was born.”

24.                          Revelation 16:8 “and the fourth angel poured out his vial upon the sun (helios): and power was given unto him to scorch men with fire.”

25.                          Revelation 19:17 “And I saw an angel standing in the sun (helios); and he cried with a loud voice, saying to all the fowls that fly in the midst of heaven, Come and gather yourselves together unto the supper of the great God;”

26.                          Revelation 21:23 “And the city had no need of the sun (helios), neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.”

27.                          Revelation 22:5 “And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, neither light of the sun (helios); for the Lord God giveth them light: and they shall reign forever and ever.”

MOON

Old Testament

Hebrew:     moon yareach = moon, wandering

                             yerach   = the moon

                             lebanah = the moon, from its whiteness

                   new moon  chodesh = new moon

1.     Genesis 37:9 “And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon (yareach) and the eleven stars made obeisance to me.”

2.     Deuteronomy 4:19 “And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun , and the moon (yareach), and the stars, even all the host (tsaba tsebaah  = host, company, army, servants) of heaven (shamayim shameh = heaven, air, aloft, lofty, sky,visible arch in which the clouds move, higher ether where celestial bodies revolve), shouldest be driven (nadach = root to push off, expel, , cast down, banished) to worship (shachah = worship, worshipper, bow down, fall down, humbly beseech, make obeisance, do reverence) them, and serve (abad = serve, to work enslave, keep in bondage) them, which the Lord (yehovah = eternal, self-existent, Jehovah) thy God (elohiym = supreme God, God, mighty) hath divided (chalaq = to apportion or separate, distribute, divide) unto all (kol kol = whole, every, everyone, whosoever) nations (‘am = a people, tribe, nation, people) under (tachath = under, the bottom, blow, underneath) the whole (kol kol = the whole, hence all, any or every, altogether) heaven (shamayim shameh = lofty, sky, air, heaven).”

3.     Deuteronomy 17:3 “And hath gone (halak = gone, wander, to walk, depart, travel) and served (abad = serve, enslave, bondage, worshipper) other (acher = other, strange) gods (elohiym = gods ), and worshipped (shachah = worship, prostrate, homage, bow, fall down, obeisance, reverence) them, either the sun, or moon (yareach = moon), or any of the host (tsaba tsebaah = host, mass, army company) of heaven (shamayim shameh = lofty, sky, celestial bodies, air, heaven), which I have not commanded (tsavah = commanded, enjoined, appointed, ordered).”

4.     Deuteronomy 33:14 “And for the precious fruits brought forth by the sun, and for the precious things put forth by the moon (yerach).

5.     Joshua 10:12-13 “Then spake Joshua to the Lord in the day when the Lord delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun stand thou still upon Gibeon and thou Moon (yareach = moon), in the valley of Ajalon.  And the sun stood still (damam =stop, stand still, wait tarry), and the moon (yareach) stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies.  Is not this written in the book of Jasher (yashar = Jasher, right, upright, straight,)?  So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.”

6.     I Samuel 20:5, 18, 24 “And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, tomorrow is the new moon (chodesh = new moon), and I should not fail to sit with the king at meal: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.  Then Jonathan said to David, Tomorrow is the new moon (chodesh = new moon): and thou shall be missed, because thy seat will be empty.”

7.     II Kings 4:23 “And he said, Wherefore wilt thou go to him today?  It is neither new moon (chodesh = new moon), nor Sabbath.  And she said, It shall be well.”

8.     II Kings 23:5 “And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon (yareach), and to the planets (mazzalah = constellation, Zodiacal sign, planet), and to all the host (tsabas tsebaah = army, company, host) of heaven.”

9.     I Chronicles 23:31 “And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the Lord in the Sabbaths, in the new moons (chodesh), and on the set feasts, by number according to the order commanded unto them, continually before the Lord.”

10.                          II Chronicles 2:4 “Behold, I build an house to the name of the Lord my God, to dedicate it to him, and to burn before him sweet incense, and for the continual showbread, and for the burnt offerings morning and evening, on the Sabbaths, and on the new moons (codesh), and on the solemn feasts of the Lord our God.  This is an ordinance forever to Israel.”

11.                          II Chronicles 8:13 “Even after a certain rate every day, offering according to the commandment of Moses, on the Sabbaths, and on the new moons (codesh), and on the solemn feast, three times in the year, even in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles.”

12.                          II Chronicles 31:3 “He appointed also the king’s portion of his substance for the burnt offerings, to wit, for the morning and evening burnt offerings, and the burnt offerings for the Sabbaths, and for the new moons (codesh), and for the set feasts, as it is written in the law of the Lord.”

13.                          Ezra 3:5 “And afterward offered the continual burnt offering, both of the new moons (codesh), and all the set feasts of the Lord that were consecrated, and every one that willingly offered a freewill offering unto the Lord.”

14.                          Nehemiah 10:33 “For the showbread, and for the continual meat offering, and for the continual burnt offering, of the Sabbaths, of the new moons (codesh), for the set feasts, and for the holy things, and for the sin offerings to make an atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the house of our God.”

15.                          Job 25:5 “Behold, even to the moon (yareach), and it shineth not; yea, the stars are not pure in his sight.”

16.                          Job 31:26 “If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon (yareach) walking in brightness;”

17.                          Psalms 8:3 “When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon (yareach) and the stars, which thou has ordained;”

18.                          Psalms 72:5, 7 “They shall fear thee as long as the sun and the moon (yareach) endure, throughout all generations.  In his days shall the righteous flourish; and abundance of peace so long as the moon (yareach) endureth.”

19.                          Psalms 81:3 “Blow up the trumpet in the new moon (chodesh), in the time appointed, on our solemn feast day.”

20.                          Psalms 89:37 “It shall be established forever as the moon (yareach), and as a faithful witness in heaven. Selah.”

21.                          Psalms 104:19 “He appointed the moon (yareach) for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down.”

22.                          Psalms 121:6 “The sun shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon (yareach) by night.”

23.                          Psalms 148:3 “Praise ye him, sun and moon (yareach): praise him, all ye stars of light.”

24.                          Ecclesiastes 12:2 “While the sun, or the light, or the moon (yareach), or the stars, be not darkened, not the clouds return after the rain:”

25.                          Song of Solomon 6:10 “Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon (yareach), clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners?”

26.                          Isaiah 1:13-14 “Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; the new moons (codesh) and Sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting.  Your new moons (codesh) and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me I am weary to bear them.”

27.                          Isaiah 13:10 “For the stars of heaven and the constellations (kesiyl = constellation, specifically Orion, as if a burly one, fat, foolish,) thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon (yareach) shall not cause her light to shine.”

28.                          Isaiah 24:23 “Then the moon (yareach) shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed, when the Lord of hosts shall reign in Mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients gloriously.”

29.                          Isaiah 30:26 “Moreover the light of the moon (labanah) shall be as the   light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven days, in the day that the Lord bindeth up the breach of his people, and health the stroke of their wound.”

30.                          Isaiah 60:19-22 “The sun shall be no more thy light by day; neither for brightness shall the moon (yareach) give light unto thee: but the Lord shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory.  Thy sun shall no more go down; neither shall thy moon withdraw itself: for the Lord shall be thine everlasting light, and the days of thy mourning shall be ended.  Thy people also shall be all righteous: they shall inherit the land forever, the branch of my planting, the work of my hands, that I may be glorified.  A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation:  I the Lord will hasten it in his time.”

31.                          Isaiah 66:23 “And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon (chodesh) to another, and from one Sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the Lord.”

32.                          Jeremiah 8:2 “And they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon (yearch), and all the host (tsaba tsebaah = a mass, army, host, company) of heaven (shamayim shameh = lofty, sky, visible arch in which the clouds move, the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve, air, heaven ), whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and whom they have sought, and whom they have worshipped: they shall not be gathered, nor be buried; they shall be for dung upon the face of the earth.”

33.                          Jeremiah 31:35 “Thus saith the Lord, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon (yareach) and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The Lord of hosts is his name:”

34.                          Ezekiel 32:7-8 “And when I shall put thee out, I will cover (kasha = cover, clad, conceal, hide) the heaven, and make the stars thereof dark (qadar = ashy, dark, black); I will cover (anan = a cloud, as covering the sky, nimbus or thunder cloud) the sun with a cloud (kasha = cover, clad, clothe, conceal, hide), and the moon (yareach) shall not give her light.  All the bright lights (‘or = illumination, bright) of heaven will I make dark over thee, and set darkness (choshek = dark, darkness, night) upon thy land, saith the Lord God.”

35.                          Ezekiel 45:17 “And it shall be the prince’s part to give burnt offerings, and meat offerings, and drink offerings, in the feasts, and in the new moons (chodesh), and in the Sabbaths, in all solemnities of the house of Israel: he shall prepare the sin offering, and the meat offering, and the burnt offering, and the peace offerings, to make reconciliation for the house of Israel.”

36.                          Ezekiel 46:1, 3, 6 “Thus saith the Lord God; The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the Sabbath it shall be opened, and the day of the new moon (chodesh) it shall be opened.  Likewise the people of the land shall worship at the door of this gate before the Lord in the Sabbaths and in the new moons (chodesh)”

37.                          Hosea 2:11 “I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons (chodesh), and her Sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts.”

38.                          Joel 2:10 “The earth shall quake (ragaz = quiver, quake, shake, tremble) before them; the heavens (shamayim shameh = lofty, sky, aloft, visible arch in which the clouds move, the higher either where the celestial bodies revolve, heavens) shall tremble (rash = move, quake shake, tremble): the sun and the moon (yareach) shall be dark (qadar = ashy, dark colored, black), and the stars shall withdraw (‘asaph = withdraw, remove, take away) their shinning (nogahh = brilliancy, brightness, light, shining):”

39.                          Joel 2:30-32 “I will shew (nathan = make, cause) wonders (mopheth mopheth = miracle, sign, wonder) in the heavens (shamayim shameh = lofty, sky, visible arch in which the clouds move, higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve, heavens) and in the earth (‘erets = earth, land, world), blood (dam = blood), and fire (‘esh = fire, burning, flaming, hot), and pillars (timarah timarah = column, cloud, pillar) of smoke (as han = vapor, dust, smoke).  The sun (shemesh = brilliant, sun) shall be turned (haphak = turn, change) into darkness (choshek = dark, night) and the moon (yareach = moon) into blood (dam = blood), before (paniym = before, before time) the great (gadol dadol = great, exceeding) and terrible (yare’ = fear, frighten, terrible) day (yom = day) of the Lord (yehovah = self-existent, eternal, Jehovah, Lord) come (bo = come).  And it shall come to pass (hayah = come to pass, be accomplished, happen), that whosoever (kol kol = all, any or every, whosoever) shall call (qara’ = to call out, cry unto) on the name (shem = name, honor, authority, character) of the Lord (yehovah = self-Existent, eternal, Jehovah, Lord) shall be delivered (malat = rescued, bring forth, deliver, save): for in Mount Zion (har = a mountain or range of hills, mount; tsiyon = Zion a mountain of Jerusalem) and in Jerusalem (yerushalaim yerushalayim = Jerusalem, capital city) shall be deliverance (peleytah peletah = deliverance, escape), as the Lord (yehovah = self-Existent, eternal, Jehovah, Lord) hath said, and in the remnant (sariyd = survivor, left, remain, remnant ) whom the Lord (yehovah self-Existent, eternal, Jehovah, Lord) shall call (qara’= call out, call forth, cry, invite).”

40.                          Joel 3:15 “The sun and the moon (yareach = moon) shall be darkened (qadar = dark colored, black), and the stars shall withdraw their shining.”

41.                          Amos 8:5-12 “Saying, When will the new moon (chodesh = new moon) be gone, that we may sell corn?  And the Sabbath that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances be deceit?  Shall not the land tremble (ragaz = quiver, quake, tremble) for this, and every one mourn (‘abal = bewail, lament, mourn) that dwelleth therein?  And it shall rise up wholly as a flood; and it shall be cast out and drowned, as by the flood of Egypt.  And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord God, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day: and I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning of an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day.  Behold, the days come, saith the Lord God, that I will send a famine (raab = dearth, famine, famish, hunger) in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing (shama = hear intelligently, attention, obedience) the words (dabar = words, message, commandment) of the Lord: And they shall wander (mua’ = fugitive, scatter, to and fro, vagabond) from sea to sea (shut = sea, to row with oars), and from the north even to the east, they shall run to and fro (shut = push forth, travel, go about) to seek (baqash = search out, strive after) the word (dabar = word, a matter, answer) of the Lord, and shall not find (matsa = find, acquire, take hold on) it.  In that day shall the fair (yapheh = beautiful) virgins (bethulah = maid, bride, to separate, virgin) and young men (bachur bachur = selected, youth, chosen, young) faint (‘alaph = faint, to be languid) for thirst (tsama = thirst).”

42.                          Habakkuk 3:11, 17-19 “The sun and moon (yareach) stood still in their habitation: at the light of thine arrows they went, and at the shining of thy glittering spear.  Although the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be in the vines; the labor of the olive shall fail, and the fields shall yield no meat; the flock shall be cut off from the fold, and there shall be no herd in the stalls: Yet I will rejoice in the Lord, I will joy in the God of my salvation.  The Lord God is my strength, and he will make my feet like hinds’ feet, and he will make me to walk upon mine high places. “

New Testament

Greek:        moon selene = the moon

                   New moon noumenia = new moon

1.     Matthew 24:29 “Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon (selene = moon) shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken”

2.     Mark 13:24 “But in those days, after the tribulation, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon (selene = moon) shall not give her light, And the stars of heaven shall fall, and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken.”

3.     Luke 21:25-26 “And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon (selene = moon), and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring;

4.     Acts 2:19-21 “And I will shew wonders in heaven above, and signs in the earth beneath; blood, and  fire, and vapor of smoke: The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon (selene = moon) into blood, before that great and notable day of the Lord come: And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved.”

5.     I Corinthians 15:40-41 “There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another.  There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon (selene = moon), and another glory of the stars: for one star differeth from another star in glory.”

6.     Colossians 2:16 “Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon (noumenia = new moon), or the Sabbath days:”

7.     Revelation 6:12-14 “And I beheld when he had opened the sixth seal, and, lo, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon (selene = moon) became as blood;  And the stars of heaven fell unto the earth, even as a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind.  And the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together; and every mountain and island were moved out of their places.”

8.     Revelation 8:10-12 “ And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters; And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter.  And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon (selene = moon), and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.”

9.     Revelation 12:1-4 “And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon (selene = moon) under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars: And she being with child cried, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered.  And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.  And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was born.”

10.                          Revelation 21:23 “And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon (selene = moon), to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.”

STARS

Old Testament

Hebrew:     star, stars kokab = a star

                   star gazer chozeh = a gazer of stars

                   stars kimah = a group, the Pleiades

1.     Genesis 1:16 “And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: He made the stars (kokab) also.”

2.     Genesis 15:5-6 “And he brought him (Abram) forth abroad, and said, Look now toward heaven, and tell the stars (kokab), if thou be able to number them: and he said unto him, So shall thy seed be.  And he (Abram) believed in the Lord; and he counted it to him for righteousness.”

3.     Genesis 22:17-18 “That in blessing I will bless thee, (Abraham) and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars (kokab) of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies; And in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed; because thou hast obeyed my voice.”

4.     Genesis 26:4-5 “And I will make thy (Abraham) seed to multiply as the stars (kokab) of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed: Because that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.”

5.     Genesis 37:9 “And he (Joseph) dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars (kokab) made obeisance to me.”

6.     Exodus 32:13 “Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy (Moses) servants, to whom thou swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them, I will multiply your seed as the stars (kokab) of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it forever.”

7.     Numbers 24:17 “I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not nigh: there shall come a Star (kokab) out of Jacob, and a Sceptre (shebet = meaning to branch off, rod, staff) shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite the corners of Moab (moab = incestuous son of Lot), and destroy all the children of Sheth (sheth = Seth third son of Adam).

8.     Deuteronomy 1:10-11 “The Lord your God hath multiplied you, and, behold, ye are this day as the stars (kokab) of heaven for multitude  (The Lord God of your fathers make you a thousand times so many more as ye are, and bless you, as he hath promised you!)”

9.     Deuteronomy 4:19 “And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars (kokab), even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, which the Lord thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven.”

10.                          Deuteronomy 10:22 “Thy fathers went down into Egypt with threescore and ten persons; and now the Lord thy God hath made thee as the stars (kokab) of heaven for multitude.”

11.                          Deuteronomy 28:62 “And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars (kokab) of heaven for multitude; because thou wouldest not obey the voice of the Lord thy God.”

12.                          Judges 5:20 “They fought from heaven; the stars (kokab) in their courses fought against Sisera.”

13.                          I Chronicles 27:23 “But David took not the number of them from twenty years old and under; because the Lord had said he would increase Israel like to the stars (kokab) of the heavens.”

14.                          Nehemiah 4:21 “So we labored in the work: and half of them held the spears from the rising of the morning till the stars (kokab) appeared.”

15.                          Nehemiah 9:23 “Their children also multipliedst thou as the stars (kokab) of heaven, and broughtest them into the land, concerning which thou hadst promised to their fathers, that they should go in to possess it.”

16.                          Job 3:9 “Let the stars (kokob) of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but have none; neither let it see the dawning of the day;”

17.                          Job 22:12 “Is not God in the height of heaven?  And behold the height of the stars (kokab), how high they are!”

18.                          Job 25:5 “Behold even to the moon, and it shineth not; yea, the stars (kokab) are not pure in his sight.”

19.                          Job 38:7 “(Lord) When the morning stars (kokab) sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?”

20.                          Psalms 8:3 “When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars (kokab), which thou hast ordained;”

21.                          Psalms 136:9 “The moon and stars (kokab) to rule by night: for his mercy endureth forever.”

22.                          Psalms 147:4 “He (Lord) telleth the number of the stars (kokab); he calleth them all by their names.”

23.                          Psalms 148:3 “Praise ye him, sun and moon: praise him, all ye stars (kokab) of light.”

24.                          Ecclesiastes 12:1-2 “Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them; While the sun, or the light (‘or = illumination, luminary, lightning, break of day, morning, sun, shine), or the moon, or the stars (kokab), be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain:”

25.                          Isaiah 13:10 “For the stars (kokab) of heaven and the constellations (kesiyl = any notable constellation specifically Orion) thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.”

26.                          Isaiah 14:12-14 “How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!  How art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!  For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars (kokab) of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High.”

27.                          Isaiah 47:13 “Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels.  Let now the astrologers (habar = a horoscopist, astrologer), the stargazers (kokab = star; chazah = to gaze), the monthly prognosticators (yada = to observation), stand up, and save thee from these things that shall come upon thee.”

28.                          Jeremiah 31:35 “Thus saith the Lord, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars (kokab) for a light by night, which dividedth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The Lord of hosts is his name:”

29.                          Ezekiel 32:7-8 “And when I shall put thee out, I will cover the heaven, and make the stars (kokab) thereof dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not give her light.  All the bright lights (meorah = luminous bodies) of heaven will I make dark over thee, and set darkness upon thy land, saith the Lord God.”

30.                          Daniel 8:10 (Larger prophetic passage 8:1-27) “And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and of the stars (kokab) to the ground, and stamped upon them.”

31.                          Daniel 12:3 (Larger prophetic passage 12:1-13) “And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness (zohar = brilliancy, brightness) of the firmament (raqiya = expanse, visible arch of the sky, firmament); and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars (kokab) forever and ever.” 

32.                          Joel 2:10 (Larger prophetic passage 2:1-32) “The earth shall quake before them; the heavens shall tremble: the sun and the moon shall be dark, and the stars (kokab) shall withdraw their shining:”

33.                          Joel 3:15 (Larger prophetic passage 3:1-21) “The sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars (kokab) shall withdraw their shining.”

34.                          Amos 5:8 “Seek him that maketh the seven stars (kimah) and Orion (any notable constellation specifically Orion), and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The Lord is his name:”

35.                          Amos 5:26 “But ye (Israel) have borne the tabernacle of you Moloch (molek = that is king, the chief deity of the Ammonites) and Chiun (kiyun = a statue, idol, heathen deity) your images, the star (kokab) of your god, which ye made to yourselves.”

36.                          Obadiah 4 “Though thou (Edom) exalt thyself as the eagle, and though thou set thy nest among the stars (kokab), thence will I bring thee down, saith the Lord.”

37.                          Nahum 3:16 “Thou (Nineveh) has multiplied thy merchants above the stars (kokab) of heaven: the cankerworm spoileth, and fleeth away.”

New Testament

Greek:        star aster = a star, luminous meteor

                   star astron = a constellation

                   star phosphoros = light bearer, morning star, day star

1.     Matthew 2:2, 7, 9-10 “Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews?  For we have seen his star (aster) in the east, and are come to worship him.  Then Herod, when he had privily called the wise men, inquired of them diligently what time the star (aster) appeared.  When they had heard the king, they departed; and, lo, the star (aster), which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was.  When they saw the star, (aster) they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.”

2.     Matthew 24:29 “Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars (aster) shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.” 

3.     Mark 13:25 “And the stars (aster) of heaven shall fall, and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken.”

4.     Luke 21:25-26 “And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars (astron); and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring; men’s hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth: for the powers of heaven (dunamis = powers; ouranos = heaven) shall be shaken.”

5.     Acts 7:43 “Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star (astron) of your god Remphan (Remphan = Kijun, an Egyptian idol), figures which ye made to worship them: and I will carry you away beyond Babylon.”

6.     Acts 27:20 “And when neither sun nor stars (astron) in many days appeared, and no small tempest lay on us (Paul and ship crew), all hope that we should be saved was then taken away.”

7.     I Corinthians 15:41 “There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars (aster): for one star differeth from another star (aster) in glory.”

8.     Hebrews 11:12 “Therefore sprang there even of one, and him as good as dead, so many as the stars (astron) of the sky in multitude, and as the sand which is by the sea shore innumerable.”

9.     II Peter 1:19 “We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star (phosphoros) arise in your hearts:”   

10.                          Jude 13 “Raging (agrios = wild, fierce, raging) waves (swells, billow, waves) of the sea (thalassa = the sea, sea), foaming (epaphrizo = foam) out their shame (aischune = shame, disgrace, dishonesty); wandering (planets = rover, wandering, erratic) stars (aster), to whom is reserved (tereo = reserve, detain, prevent escaping ) the blackness (zophos = shrouding like a cloud, darkness, blackness) of darkness (skotos = shadiness, obscurity) forever (aion = an age, perpetuity, eternal, forever).”

11.                          Revelation 1:16 “And he had in his right hand seven (hepta =number seven) stars (aster): and out of his mouth went a sharp two edged sword: and his countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength.”

12.                          Revelation 1:20 “The mystery of the seven (hepta = number seven) stars (aster) which thou sawest in my right hand, and the seven golden candlesticks.  The seven stars (hepta aster) are the angels of the seven churches: and the seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches.”

13.                          Revelation 2:1 “Unto the angel of the church of Ephesus write; These things saith he that holdeth the seven stars (hepta aster) in his right hand, who walketh in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks:

14.                          Revelation 2:28 “And I will give him (him that over cometh see 2:26) the morning (proinos = pertaining to the dawn, morning) star (aster).”

15.                          Revelation 3:1 “And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven (hepta) stars (aster); I know thy works, that thou has a name that thou livest, and art dead.”

16.                          Revelation 6:13 “And the stars (aster) of heaven fell unto the earth, even as a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind.”

17.                          Revelation 8:10-12 “And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star (aster) from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the foundation of waters; And the name of the star (aster) is called Wormwood (apsinthos = bitterness, wormwood): and the third part of the waters became wormwood (apsinthos); and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter.  And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun, was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars (aster); so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.”

18.                          Revelation 9:1 “And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star (aster) fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit.”

19.                          Revelation 12:1 “And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve (dodeka = two and ten, dozen, twelve) stars (aster):”

20.                          Revelation 12:4 “And his (great red dragon) tail drew the third part of the stars (aster) of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was born.”

21.                          Revelation 22:16 “I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches, I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning (orthrinos = relating to the dawn, Venus especially brilliant in the early morning) star (aster).”

*Astrologer(s)

Old Testament

Hebrew:     astrologer ashshaph = enchanter, magician, conjurer

                   astrologer ashshaphim = enchanters, magicians

              astrologer shamayim shameh = to view the heavens, lofty, aloft,

                             sky, visible arch in which the clouds move, higher

ether where the celestial bodies revolve, air,

heaven, astrologer

          astrologer   habar = to be a horoscopoist,         

1.     Isaiah 47:13 “Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels.  Let now the astrologers (ashshaphim), the stargazers (kokab = star; chazah = to gaze, perceive, contemplate, have vision of), the monthly prognosticators (yada =to know, ascertain by seeing, observation, recognition, instruct, have knowledge), stand up, and save thee from these things that shall come upon thee.”

2.     Daniel 1:20 “And in all matters of wisdom (chokmah = wisdom, skillful, wise) and understanding (biyn = to separate mentally, distinguish, understand), that the king inquired of them (Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego) he found them ten times better than all the magicians (chartom = horoscopist, drawing magical lines or circles, magician) and astrologers (ashshaph) that were in all the realm.

3.     Daniel 2:2 “Then the king commanded to call the magicians (chartom = magician, drawing magical lines or circles, horoscopist), and the astrologers (ashshaph = practice enchantments, conjurer, astrologer), and the sorcerers (kashaph = to whisper a spell, inchant, practice magic, sorcerer, witchcraft) , and the Chaldeans (kasdiy kasdiymah = astrologer, proverbial of the Chaldeans, ), for to shew the king his dreams (chalom chalom = dream).  So they came and stood before the king.”

4.     Daniel 2:10 “The Chaldeans answered before the king, and said, There is not a man upon the earth that can shew the king’s matter: therefore there is no king, lord, nor ruler, that asked such things at any magician (chartom magician, drawing magical lines or circles, horoscopist), or astrologer (ashshaph), or Chaldean (kasday = Chaldaean, magician or professional astrologer).”

5.     Daniel 2:27-28 “Daniel answered in the presence of the king, and said, The secret (raz = hide, mystery, secret) which the king hath demanded cannot the wise men (chakkiym = wise, Magian), the astrologers (ashshaph = astrologer, Chaldee), the magicians (chartom = magician), the soothsayers (gezar = quarry, determine, cut out, soothsayer) , shew (chava = to show, declare) unto the king: but there is a God (eloahh eloahh = deity, God) in heaven (shamayin = heaven) that revealeth (galah = uncover, open, reveal) secrets (raz = hide, mystery, secret), and maketh known (yeda make known, certify, teach, know) to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter (achariyth = latter, last times, end times) days (yom = days, time).  Thy dream (chelem = dream), and the vision (chezev = sight, look, vision, to gaze upon) of thy head (resh = head) upon thy bed (mishkab = bed), are these;”

6.     Daniel 4:7 “Then came in the magicians (chartom = magician, horoscopist, as drawing magical lines or circles), the astrologers (ashshaph = astrologer, practice enchantment, a conjurer), the Chaldeans (kasday = Chaldaean, inhabitant of Chaldaea, magician, astrologer), and the soothsayers (gezar = soothsayer, divide, decide, divide): and I told the dream (chalam = to dream) before them; but they did not make known (yeda = certify, teach, make known, discern, prognosticator) unto me the interpretation (peshar = to interpret,) thereof.”

7.     Daniel 5:7 “The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers (ashshaph = astrologer, practice enchantment, conjurer), the Chaldeans (kasday = Chaldaean, inhabitant of Chaldaea, Magician, astrologer), and the soothsayers (gezar = determine, cut out, soothsayer, divide, decide, decree).  And the king spake, and said to the wise men (chakkiym = wise, Magian, to be wise in mind, word or act ) of Babylon, Whosoever shall read (qera  call out, read) this writing (kethab = writing, something written, record), and shew (chava = to show, declare) me the interpretation (peshar = make interpretation,) thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdom.

8.     Daniel 5:11-12 “There is a man (gebar = certain man) in thy kingdom (malku = dominion, realm, reign, kingdom, rule), in whom (diy = whom, now, seeing, this one) is the spirit (ruach = mind, wind, spirit, breath) of the holy (qaddiysh = holy one, saint, sacred, moral, angel) gods (elahh = God, god, deity); and in the days of thy father light (nehiyr nehiyru = illumination, light) and understanding (soklethanu = intelligence, understanding, circumspect, expert) and wisdom (chokmah = wisdom, skillful, wise), like the wisdom (chokmah = wisdom, skillful, wise) of the gods (elahh = God, god, deity), was found (shekach = disclosure of a covered or forgotten thing, find, discover) in him; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, I say, thy father, made master (rab = captain, chief, great, lord, master) of the magicians (chartom = magician, horoscopist, as drawing magical lines or circles), astrologers (ashshaph = astrologer, practice enchantment, conjurer), Chaldeans (kasday = Chaldaean or in habitant of Chaldaea, Magian or professional astrologer), and soothsayers (gezar = determine, quarry, cut out, divide, decide, soothsayer); Forasmuch as an excellent (yattiyr = preeminent, exceeding, excellent) spirit (ruach = mind, spirit, wind, breath, life), and knowledge (manda = wisdom, intelligence, reason, understanding, science), and understanding (soklethanu = circumspect, skillful, intelligence, understanding), interpreting (peshar = interpretation) of dreams (chelem = dream), and shewing (achavah = solution of riddles, showing) of hard sentences (achiydah = enigma, hard sentence, dark saying, proverb, riddle), and dissolving (shere = free, separate, unravel, unloading, loose, dissolve) of doubts (qetar = a knot, as tied up, riddle), were found (shekach = disclosure of a covered or forgotten thing, find from want of memory or attention) in the same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar: now let Daniel be called (qera = call, bidden, invited), and he will shew (chava = to show, declare) the interpretation (peshar interpretation,).”

9.     Daniel 5:15 “And now the wise men (chakkiym = wise in mind, word or act, teach wisdom, show self wise), the astrologers (ashshaph = astrologer, practice enchantment, a conjurer), have been brought in before me, that they should read (qera = call, call out to, address by name, cry, read) this writing (kethab  = prescribing, something written, a writing, record or book), and make known (yeda = certify, make known, teach) unto me the interpretation (yada = to ascertain by seeing, recognition, instruction, understanding) thereof: but they could not shew (chava = to show, declare, to live) the interpretation (peshar  = interpretation) of the thing (millah = a word, command, discourse, subject, matter, thing).”

New Testament

Greek:        (The word astrologer does not appear in the N.T.)

*Magician(s)

Old Testament

Hebrew:     magician chartummum = magicians, scribes

1.     Genesis 41:8 “And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh.”

2.     Genesis 41:24 “And the thin ears devoured the seven good ears: and I told this unto the magicians; but there was none that could declare it to me.”

3.     Exodus 7:11 “Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments.”

4.     Exodus 7:22 “And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto them; as the Lord had said.”

5.     Exodus 8:7 “And the magicians did so with their enchantments, and brought up frogs upon the land of Egypt.”

6.     Exodus 8:19 “Then the magicians said unto Pharaoh, This is the finger of God: and Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had said.”

7.     Exodus 9:11 “And the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils; for the boil was upon the magicians, and upon all Egyptians.”

8.     Daniel 1;20 “And in all matters of wisdom and understanding, that the king inquired of them, he found them ten times better than all the magicians and astrologers that were in all his realm.”

9.     Daniel 2:2 “Then the king commanded to call the magicians, and the astrologers, and the sorcerers, and the Chaldeans, for to shew the king his dreams.  So they came and stood before the king.”

10.                          Daniel 2:10 “The Chaldeans answered before the king, and said, There is not a man upon the earth that can shew the king’s matter: therefore there is no king, lord, nor ruler that asked such things at any magician, or astrologer, or Chaldean.”

11.                          Daniel 2:27 “Daniel answered in the presence of the king, and said, The secret which the king hath demanded cannot the wise men, the astrologers, the magicians, the soothsayers, shew unto the king;

12.                          Daniel 4:7 “Then came in the magicians, the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers: and I told the dream before them; but they did not make known unto me the interpretation.”

13.                          Daniel 4:9 “O Belteshazzar, master of the magicians, because I know that the spirit of the holy gods is in thee, and no secret troubleth thee, tell me the visions of my dream that I have seen, and the interpretation thereof.”

14.                          Daniel 5:11 “There is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the Holy gods; and in the days of thy father light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, I say, thy father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers;”

Greek:   magician magos = a Persian astronomer or priest, oriental         scientist, wise men, a magician, sorcerer                                  

1.     Matthew 2:1 “Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, there came wise men (magos = magian, Oriental scientist, wise man, sorcerer, magician) from the east to Jerusalem, Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews?  For we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him.”

2.     Matthew 2:7 “Then Herod, when he had privily called the wise men, inquired of them diligently what time the star appeared.”

3.     Matthew 2:16-18 “Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had diligently inquired of the wise men.  Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet, saying, In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not.”

*Enchanter(s); Enchantment(s)

Old Testament

Hebrew:     enchanter nachash = to whisper, use enchantment

1.     Exodus 7:11 “Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and socerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments.”

2.     Exodus 7:22 “And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, neither did the he hearken unto them; as the Lord had said.”

3.     Exodus 8:7, 18 “And the magicians did so with their enchantments, and brought up frogs upon the land of Egypt.  And the magicians did so with their enchantments to bring forth lice, but they could not: so there were lice upon man, and upon beast.”

4.     Leviticus 19:26 “Ye shall not eat anything with the blood: neither shall ye use enchantment, nor observe times.”

5.     Numbers 23:23 “Surely there is no enchantment against Jacob, neither is there any divination against Israel: according to this time it shall be said of Jacob and of Israel, What hath God wrought!”

6.     Numbers 24:1 “And when Balaam saw that it pleased the Lord to bless Israel, he went not, as at other times, to seek from enchantments, but he set his face toward the wilderness.”

7.     Deuteronomy 18:10 “There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch.”

8.     II Kings 21:6 “And he made his son pass through the fire, and observed times, and used enchantments, and dealt with familiar spirits and wizards: he wrought much wickedness in the sight of the Lord, to provoke him to anger.”

9.     II Chronicles 33:6 “And he caused his children to; pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom: also he observed times, and used enchantments, and used witchcraft, and dealt with a familiar spirit, and with wizards: he wrought much evil in the sight of the Lord, to provoke him to anger.”

10.                          Isaiah 47:9 “But these two things shall come to thee in a moment in one day, the loss of children, and widowhood: they shall come upon thee in their perfection for the multitude of thy sorceries, and for the great abundance of thine enchantments.”

11.                          Isaiah 47:12 “Stand now with thine enchantments, and with the multitude of thy sorceries, wherein thou hast labored from thy youth; if so be thou shalt be able to profit, if so be thou mayest prevail.”

12.                          Jeremiah 27:9 “Therefore hearken not ye to your prophets, nor to your diviners, nor to your dreamers, nor to your enchanters, nor to your sorcerers, which speak unto you, saying, Ye shall not serve the king of Babylon::

New Testament

Greek:        (no N.T. word)

*Sorcerer(s)

Old Testament

Hebrew:     sorcerer kashshaph = a wizard, sorcerer

1.     Exodus 7:11 “Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments.”

2.     Isaiah 47:9 “But these two things shall come to thee in a moment in one day, the loss of children, and widowhood: they shall come upon thee in their perfection for the multitude of thy sorceries, and for the great abundance of thine enchantments.”

3.     Isaiah 47:12 “Stand now with thine enchantments, and with the multitude of thy sorceries, where in thou hast labored from thy youth; if so be thou shalt be able to profit, if so be thou mayest prevail.”

4.     Isaiah 57:3 “But draw near hither, ye sons of the sorceress, the seed of the adulterer and the whore.”

5.     Jeremiah 27:9 “Therefore hearken not ye to your prophets, nor to your diviners, nor to your dreamers, nor to you enchanters, nor to you sorcerers, which speak unto you, saying, Ye shall not serve the king of Babylon:”

6.     Daniel 2:2 “Then the king commanded to call the magicians, and the astrologers, and the sorcerers, and the Chaldeans, for to shew the king his dreams.  So they came and stood before the king.”

7.     Malachi 3:5 “And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers, and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not me, saith the Lord of hosts.”

New Testament

Greek:        sorcerer mageuo = to practice magic, use sorcery, a Magian,

                                                  Oriental scientist

1.     Acts 8:9 “But there was a certain man, called Simon, which before time in the same city used sorcery, and bewitched the people of Samaria, giving out that himself was some great one:”

2.     Acts 8:11 “And to him, they had regard because that of long time he had bewitched them with sorceries.”

3.     Acts 13:6 “And when they had gone through the isle unto Paphos, they found a certain sorcerer, a false prophet, a Jew, whose name was Bar Jesus:”

4.     Acts 13:8 “But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith.”

5.     Revelation 9:21 “Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.”

6.     Revelation 18:23 “And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all in thee: for thy merchants were the great men of the earth; for by thy sorceries were all nations deceived.”

7.     Revelation 21:8 “But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.”

8.     Revelation 22:15 “For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and make a lie.”

*Wisemen

Old Testament

Hebrew:     chakkin wise, skillful

                   chakam wise, skillful

1.     Genesis 41:8 “And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh.”

2.     Exodus 7:11 “Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments.”

3.     Deuteronomy 1:13, 15 “Take you wise men, and understanding, and known among your tribes, and I will make them rulers over you.  So I took the chief of your tribes, wise men, and known, and make them heads over you, captains over thousands, and captains over hundreds, and captains over fifties, and captains over tens, and officers among your tribes.”

4.     Esther 1:13 “Then the king said to the wise men, which knew the times, for so was the king’s manner toward all that knew law and judgment:

5.     Psalms 49:10 “For he seeth that wise men die, likewise the fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others.”

6.     Proverbs 10:14 “Wise men layup knowledge: but the mouth of the foolish is near destruction.”

7.     Isaiah 29:14 “Therefore, behold, I will proceed to do a marvelous work among this people, even a marvelous work and a wonder: for the wisdom of their wise men shall perish, and the understanding of their prudent men shall be hid.”

8.     Jeremiah 10:7 “Who would not fear thee, O King of nations?  For to thee doth it appertain: forasmuch as among all the wise men of the nations, and in all their kingdoms, there is none like unto thee.”

9.     Ezekiel 27:8 “The inhabitants of Zidon and Arvad were thy mariners: thy wise men, O Tyrus, that were in thee, were thy pilots.”

10.                          Daniel 2:12-14, 18 “For this cause he king was angry and very furious, and commanded to destroy all the wise men of Babylon.  The decree went forth that the wise men should be slain; and they sought Daniel and his fellows to be slain.  Then Daniel answered with counsel and wisdom to Arioch the captain of the king’s guard, which was gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon: That they would desire mercies of the God of heaven concerning this secret; that Daniel and his fellows should not perish with the rest of the wise men of Babylon.”

11.                          Daniel 2:21, 24, 27-28, 48 “And God changeth the times and the seasons: he removeth kings, and setteth up kings: he giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding: Therefore Daniel went in unto Arioch, whom the king had ordained to destroy the wise men of Babylon: he went and said thus unto him; Destroy not the wise men of Babylon: bring me in before the king, and I will shew unto the king the interpretation.  Daniel answered in the presence of the king, and said, The secret which the king hath demanded cannot the wise men, the astrologers, the magicians, the soothsayers shew unto the king; But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days.  Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these; Then the king made Daniel a great man, and gave him many great gifts, and made him ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and chief of the governors over all wise men of Babylon.”

12.                          Daniel 4:6, 18 “Therefore made I a decree to bring all the wise men of Babylon before me, that they might make known unto me the interpretation thereof.  This dream I king Nebuchadnezzar have seen.  Now thou, O Belshazzar, declare the interpretation thereof, forasmuch as all the wise men of my kingdom are not able to make known unto me the interpretation: but thou art able; for the spirit of the holy gods is in thee.”

13.                          Daniel 5:7, 8, 15 “The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers.  And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon, Whosoever shall read this writing, and shew me the interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler of the kingdom.  Then came in all the king’s wise men: but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof.  And now the wise men, the astrologers, have been brought in before me, that they should read this writing, and make known unto me the interpretation thereof: but they could not shew the interpretation of the thing:

14.                          Obadiah 8 “Shall I not in that day, saith the Lord, even destroy the wise men out of Edom, and understanding out of the mount of Esau?”

New Testament

Greek:        magos a Persian astronomer or priest

1.     Matthew 2:1-2 “Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king, behold, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem, saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews?  For we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him.

2.     Matthew 2:7 “Then Herod, when he had privily called the wise men, inquired of them diligently what time the star appeared.”

3.     Matthew 2:16-18 “ Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had diligently inquired of the wise men.  Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet, saying, In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not.””